COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF ECHOIC PROMPTS AND ECHOIC PROMPTS PLUS MODELED PROMPTS ON INTRAVERBAL BEHAVIOR

A comparison of textual and echoic prompts on the acquisition of intraverbal behavior in a six-year-old boy with autism.

A comparison of textual and echoic prompts was conducted to determine which form of prompts was more effective for teaching intraverbal behavior to a 6-year-old boy with autism. A multiple baseline design across three sets of questions measured (a) the number of full-sentence target answers, (b) partial answers that made sense, and (c) partial answers that did not make sense, or no response, to...

Using intraverbal prompts to establish tacts for children with autism.

Some children with autism have difficulty acquiring tacts, despite their ability to mand, echo words, and imitate actions. The current study focused on 2 nonvocal children who had acquired a few mands using sign language, but had repeatedly failed to acquire signed tacts. Two procedures were compared to determine the most effective approach for training tacts to these participants. One procedur...

Effects of environmental prompts on stair usage

Stress prompts habit behavior in humans.

Instrumental behavior can be controlled by goal-directed action-outcome and habitual stimulus-response processes that are supported by anatomically distinct brain systems. Based on previous findings showing that stress modulates the interaction of "cognitive" and "habit" memory systems, we asked in the presented study whether stress may coordinate goal-directed and habit processes in instrument...

The Effects of Environmental Prompts on Stair Usage

Experts have advocated exercise with little success, and have turned to encouraging physical activity by incorporating it into daily activities such as taking the stairs over elevators. Much literature exists suggesting that environmental prompts can encourage the use of stairs and literature has established that some messages may be more effective than others. This study aimed to assess the ef...